Muscles face a lot of stress during both types of movement, but fewer muscle fibers get recruited to carry out eccentric contractions versus concentric ones (such as curling a dumbbell or pressing weight overhead), according to a review published in the May 2019 issue of Frontiers in Physiology. Your muscles typically sustain greater damage during these types of movements than during concentric exercises (ones where your muscle is working as it is shortening). Think: walking or jogging down a hill, or the lowering motion during a biceps curl or chest press. It’s the eccentric, or lengthening muscle, contractions that are causing the soreness, says Jan Schroeder, PhD, a professor in the department of kinesiology at California State University in Long Beach. RELATED: What You Should Know About Strength Training
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